{"id":11352,"date":"2026-06-29T02:00:29","date_gmt":"2026-06-28T18:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/?p=11352"},"modified":"2026-02-28T08:23:05","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T00:23:05","slug":"what-is-quartz-glassware","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u063a\u0641\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u2014 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u0641\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 200 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glassware-Raw-Material-Comparison-on-Laboratory-Stone-Bench.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\" title=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-labware\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/a> \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645: \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 SiO\u2082 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u063a\u0634\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0633\u00bb \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0634\u0638\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (SiO\u2082) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>99.9% \u064899.99%<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Al\u00b3\u207a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f (Fe\u00b2\u207a\/Fe\u00b3\u207a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Ti\u2074\u207a)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 (Li\u207a). \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. <strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 Si\u2013O\u2013Si \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1,710 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 (OH)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 (CVD)<\/strong> \u2014 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u2014 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (SiCl\u2084) \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0646 (OMCTS) \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062e\u0627\u0645 SiO\u2082 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0644\u0628\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 <strong>99.9999% SiO\u2082<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a OH \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u00bb<\/strong> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 (OH) \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 800 \u06481,200 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 (\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0648\u064a)<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 SiO\u2082 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u2014 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629\u00bb<\/strong> \u2014 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629: <strong>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 (OH) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2,730 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0651\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 (OH) \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644 (\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 150 \u0648300 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>250 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 SiO\u2082 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (ppb)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>150\u2013180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0640 SiO\u2082\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 1,665 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.55 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076\/\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c (\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0629 SiO\u2082 (%)<\/td>\n<td>99.9 \u2013 99.99<\/td>\n<td>99.9999+<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH (\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<td>150 - 300<\/td>\n<td>&lt;1 (\u062c\u0627\u0641) \/ 800\u20131,200 (\u0631\u0637\u0628)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>~250<\/td>\n<td>~150-180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645<\/td>\n<td>SiCl\u2084 \/ \u0623\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0641\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 SiO\u2082 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u2014 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>1,100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647 <strong>1,665 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 820 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>0.55 \u00d7 10-\u2076\/\u00b0C<\/strong> \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 3.3 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076\/\u00b0C\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 7.5 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076\/\u00b0C. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1,000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. <strong>\u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 Si\u2013O\u2013Si \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u06481,000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>\u0645\u0646 150 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3,500 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>310 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH. <strong>\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 160\u2013180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>2,730 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 Si\u2013OH. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 OH \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 OH \u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u2014 \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a. <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 (UV-Vis) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 250 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. <strong>\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643 (H\u2082SO\u2084)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HNO\u2083)\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (H\u2083PO\u2084)<\/strong> \u2014 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 Si\u2013O\u2013Si \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 <strong>\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HF)<\/strong> \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 (NaOH\u060c KOH) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hexafluorosilicic_acid\">\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a (H\u2082SiF\u2086)<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a ICP-MS \u0648ICP-OES\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0630\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>1,100<\/td>\n<td>500<\/td>\n<td>300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>1,665<\/td>\n<td>820<\/td>\n<td>730<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CTE (\u00d7 10 - \u2076\/ \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>0.55<\/td>\n<td>3.3<\/td>\n<td>7.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>~250 (\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a) \/ ~150 (\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>~310<\/td>\n<td>~320<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a \u2014 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631. \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 820 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1,100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a. <strong>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 600 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 310 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a 300 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u2014 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0628\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 2 \u06485 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10 \u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 1 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 300 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glassware-Components-in-Semiconductor-Cleanroom-Fabrication.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\" title=\"\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u2014 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a: <strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 150 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0648300 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,500 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u2014 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 800 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u06481,200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 20 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 5 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1,000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064f\u0634\u0643\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u062c\u064a\u062c\u00bb \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629\u00bb \u2014 \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/fabweb.ece.illinois.edu\/recipe\/rca.aspx\">\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 RCA<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a RCA \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 SC-1 (NH\u2084OH\/H\u2082O\u2082\/H\u2082O)\u060c \u0648SC-2 (HCl\/H\u2082O\u2082\/H\u2082O)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 HF \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 25 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064880 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0640 RCA \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0643\/\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (SPM \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 120 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640 PTFE\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645 Ra\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.8 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 (CVD) \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 (CVD) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 (LPCVD)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 (CVD) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a (APCVD)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 600 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u06481,200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 LPCVD \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 (SiH\u2082Cl\u2082) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 (NH\u2083)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 (SiH\u2084)\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0643\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. <strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/strong> \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648. \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u2014 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0646-\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u2014 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>900-1,100<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 + \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/td>\n<td>800-1,200<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0645\u0646 RCA<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/td>\n<td>25\u201380<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 SPM<\/td>\n<td>\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>120-150<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>LPCVD<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/td>\n<td>600-900<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>900\u20131,200<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glassware-Cuvettes-and-Digestion-Flask-in-Analytical-Chemistry-Laboratory.webp\" alt=\"\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\" title=\"\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0623\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u061b \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641. \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0643\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 (UV-Vis) \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 190 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 900 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u2014 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u2014 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u061b \u0641\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 340 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629. <strong>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 310 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f 260 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f 280 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 80% \u0639\u0646\u062f 200 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a <strong>10.000 \u00b1 0.010 \u0645\u0644\u0645<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u062d\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631-\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062a. <strong>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a ICP-MS \u0648ICP-OES \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 (HNO\u2083) \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl) \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HNO\u2083\/HCl) \u2014 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 80 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648250 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 50 \u0648500 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0644\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0630\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 (\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643) \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 ICP \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. <strong>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0644\u062a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u2014 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 200\u2013280 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 &gt;80%<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 &lt;310 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 280\u2013900 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 &gt;90%<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 ICP-MS<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a &lt;0.1 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0644\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 B \u0648Na \u0648Al<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 ICP-OES<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a &lt;1 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0644\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f &lt;300 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0636\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glassware-Crucible-and-Reaction-Tube-in-High-Temperature-Tube-Furnace-Setting.webp\" alt=\"\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\" title=\"\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u06481,200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 50\u2013100 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u062e\u064e\u0651\u0646 600\u20131,200 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 400 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u06481,100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1,100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 (O\u2082\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621)\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 (Ar\u060c N\u2082)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 (5% H\u2082\/N\u2082)<\/strong> \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0646\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 2 \u06484 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 500 \u0645\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a (TGA) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0629 (DSC) \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u2212150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u06481,600 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 TGA \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 TGA\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646. <strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644<\/strong> \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (TGA) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a (SO\u2082) \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 (\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1,000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HF)) \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u2014 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u2014 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0636\u064a\u0621 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u2014 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/chemistry\/actinometry\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0637\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 254 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648313 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648365 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u2014 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 2 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 254 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 5% \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f 254 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 310 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 TiO\u2082 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 365 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/td>\n<td>400\u20131,100<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<td>800\u20131,100<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 TGA<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629<\/td>\n<td>25\u20131,500<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/td>\n<td>200-900<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\n<td>10-80<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 254\u2013365 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<td>0\u2013100<\/td>\n<td>\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glassware-Optical-Windows-Mounted-in-Photonics-Laser-Laboratory.webp\" alt=\"\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a\" title=\"\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. <strong>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/strong> \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 100 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 1 \u00d7 10\u207b\u2076 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u061b <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong> \u2014 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u2014 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 2 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 (CVD) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 ArF (193 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0648KrF (248 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0643\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u2014 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 800 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 193 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648248 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 OH \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5\u201310 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 4,000 \u06486,000 \u0647\u0631\u062a\u0632)\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 10\u2079 \u062c\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u00abOH\u00bb \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647<\/strong> \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a OH\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 Nd:YAG \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 532 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648355 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648266 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 (CVD). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0633\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2,000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0637 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a 125 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 8 \u064862.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\/\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 1,550 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u2014 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0640 OH \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 OH \u0639\u0646\u062f 2,730 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1,383 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640 \u00ab\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u00bb) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 IEC 60793-2-50 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 B1.3\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640 OH \u0639\u0646\u062f 1,383 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.4 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\/\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a (OVD) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u2014 \u0643\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 (MCVD) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 (PCVD)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 SiO\u2082 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644. <strong>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u00b10.5 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 1% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 ArF<\/td>\n<td>193 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&gt;800 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0394n &lt; 1\u00d710\u207b\u2076\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c &lt;2 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 KrF<\/td>\n<td>248 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&gt;600 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 &gt;5 \u062c\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0640 Nd:YAG<\/td>\n<td>266 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&gt; 400 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 &gt;85%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>200\u2013800 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>150-400 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u00b11%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>1,310\u20131,550 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 &lt;0.18 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0644\/\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1,550 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 MCVD<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 (\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>&lt;1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u00b10.5 \u0645\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 260 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0634 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f 500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648310 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 1,100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3,500 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 (ppb)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HF)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u2014 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644: \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 SiO\u2082 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 (CVD) \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 1,100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u2014 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 SiO\u2082 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 99.9 \u064899.99%\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 OH \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 150 \u0648300 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0637 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 250 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 SiCl\u2084\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 99.9999% \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 150\u2013180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 SiO\u2082 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1,300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 1,665 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1,100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u00ab\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u062c\u064a\u062c\u00bb \u2014 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u2014 \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HF) \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PTFE \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0623\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a (PFA) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631 (FEP) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 310 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633. \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0642 80% \u0639\u0646\u062f 200 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 260 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f 280 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HF) \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 RCA \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a RCA\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 SC-1 \u0648SC-2 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:3\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0630\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0643\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629.<a href=\"#fnref1:3\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Laboratories and fabs worldwide depend on a material most people overlook \u2014 yet without it, precision science would stall at [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[79],"class_list":["post-11352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","tag-quartz-labware"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Is Quartz Glassware? | TOQUARTZ\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"From natural crystal to synthetic fused silica \u2014 get the full breakdown of quartz glassware properties, grades, and where each type performs best in demanding applications.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Is Quartz Glassware? Raw Materials, Properties &amp; Applications\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"From natural crystal to synthetic fused silica \u2014 get the full breakdown of quartz glassware properties, grades, and where each type performs best in demanding applications.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TOQUARTZ: Quartz Glass Solution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-28T18:00:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-Quartz-Glassware.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3\"},\"headline\":\"What Is Quartz Glassware? Raw Materials, Properties &#038; Applications\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-28T18:00:29+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":5794,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/What-Is-Quartz-Glassware.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"quartz labware\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Blogs\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/\",\"name\":\"What Is Quartz Glassware? | TOQUARTZ\u00ae\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/What-Is-Quartz-Glassware.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-06-28T18:00:29+00:00\",\"description\":\"From natural crystal to synthetic fused silica \u2014 get the full breakdown of quartz glassware properties, grades, and where each type performs best in demanding applications.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/What-Is-Quartz-Glassware.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/What-Is-Quartz-Glassware.webp\",\"width\":900,\"height\":600,\"caption\":\"What Is Quartz Glassware\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/what-is-quartz-glassware\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Blogs\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/blogs\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"What Is Quartz Glassware? Raw Materials, Properties &#038; Applications\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"TOQUARTZ\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"TOQUARTZ\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/logo-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/logo-2.png\",\"width\":583,\"height\":151,\"caption\":\"TOQUARTZ\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3\",\"name\":\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/ar\\\/author\\\/webadmin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u061f | TOQUARTZ\u00ae","description":"\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"What Is Quartz Glassware? Raw Materials, Properties & Applications","og_description":"From natural crystal to synthetic fused silica \u2014 get the full breakdown of quartz glassware properties, grades, and where each type performs best in demanding applications.","og_url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/","og_site_name":"TOQUARTZ: Quartz Glass Solution","article_published_time":"2026-06-28T18:00:29+00:00","og_image":[{"width":900,"height":600,"url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-Quartz-Glassware.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"5 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/"},"author":{"name":"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3"},"headline":"What Is Quartz Glassware? Raw Materials, Properties &#038; Applications","datePublished":"2026-06-28T18:00:29+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/"},"wordCount":5794,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-Quartz-Glassware.webp","keywords":["quartz labware"],"articleSection":["Blogs"],"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/","name":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u061f | TOQUARTZ\u00ae","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-Quartz-Glassware.webp","datePublished":"2026-06-28T18:00:29+00:00","description":"\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u2014 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-Quartz-Glassware.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/What-Is-Quartz-Glassware.webp","width":900,"height":600,"caption":"What Is Quartz Glassware"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/what-is-quartz-glassware\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Blogs","item":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/blogs\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"What Is Quartz Glassware? Raw Materials, Properties &#038; Applications"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/","name":"\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization","name":"\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-2.png","width":583,"height":151,"caption":"TOQUARTZ"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3","name":"\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0646\u062c","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/author\/webadmin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11352"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11360,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11352\/revisions\/11360"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11354"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11352"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}