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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 - \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 (\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>~500<\/td>\n<td>~1,050-1,100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>~550<\/td>\n<td>~1,200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CTE (\u00d7 10 \u2076 \/ \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>~3.3<\/td>\n<td>~0.55<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0641 (121 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 (180 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 (250 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 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title=\"\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0639\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h2>\n<p>\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 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<strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 (NIR) \u062d\u062a\u0649 3,500 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 (3.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/strong>. \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 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(%)<\/td>\n<td>~20-40<\/td>\n<td>~92<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>~280-300<\/td>\n<td>~150-180<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 (\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u062a\u0649 2.5 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u062a\u0649 3.5 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 (\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 532 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 (\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 H\u2082SO\u2084 H\u2082SO\u2084 \/ HNO\u2083 HNO\u2083 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 (RT)<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632)<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (&gt;1\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 95 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2\/\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/td>\n<td>0.1-0.5<\/td>\n<td>&lt;0.001<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0628\u00b3 \u207a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/td>\n<td>\u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 ICP-MS<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/High-purity-quartz-petri-dish-for-semiconductor-wet-bench-cleaning.webp\" alt=\"\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\" title=\"\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a 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<strong>600-700 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/strong> \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a 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src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/High-temperature-quartz-petri-dish-for-muffle-furnace-ashing-protocols.webp\" alt=\"\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0645\" title=\"\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0645\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 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(\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632)<\/th>\n<th>\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>~500<\/td>\n<td>~1,050-1,100<\/td>\n<td>&gt;500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CTE (\u00d7 10 \u2076 \/ \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>3.3<\/td>\n<td>0.55<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u2192 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 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class=\"footnote-backref\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 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