{"id":11125,"date":"2026-03-16T02:00:24","date_gmt":"2026-03-15T18:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/?p=11125"},"modified":"2026-02-24T17:06:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-24T09:06:45","slug":"quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u062a\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-Technical-Properties-for-High-Temperature-Optics.webp\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639<\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0647 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-plates\/\">\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 (SiO\u2082) \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u2265 99.9%<\/strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1700 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 0.5 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 25 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f 300 \u00d7 300 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a (\u03bb\/4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u03bb\/10 \u0639\u0646\u062f 633 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629).<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d <strong>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/strong>. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 SiCl\u2084 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u0648 CVD. \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 SiO\u2082 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 200 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 <strong>\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 SiO\u2082 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 72% SiO\u2082T \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 Na\u2082TP3T (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 14%) \u0648CaO (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10%)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a B\u2082O\u2083 (\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b 12-13%)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647<\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 - \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 - \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 150 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4,000 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong>\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 90% \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 200 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f 250 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0643 1 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 93%. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 300-320 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 340-360 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0629 - \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0636\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/strong> \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 320 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 - \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 - \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 248 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 KrF\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642 254 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 365 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 - \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627. \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 180-400 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a (400-700 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631), <strong>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 90% \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0642 2000 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 50% \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 2500 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 2700 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 SiO\u2082 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0642 80% \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 3500 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a Si-O \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 4000 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636<\/strong>-\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 - \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1500 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644<\/h3>\n<p>\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 (OH) \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 150 \u0648400 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646. \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a OH \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 <strong>2.72 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.38 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648 0.95 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3.0 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 - \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a - \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 OH \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a OH \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643, <strong>\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629) \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u062c OH \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 2.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4.0 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a (%)<\/th>\n<th>\u062d\u062f NIR (\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH (\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>~150<\/td>\n<td>&gt;92<\/td>\n<td>~3.5<\/td>\n<td>150-400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>~150<\/td>\n<td>&gt;93<\/td>\n<td>~3.5<\/td>\n<td>&lt;1 (\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>~300<\/td>\n<td>&gt;90<\/td>\n<td>~2.7<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>~340<\/td>\n<td>&gt;89<\/td>\n<td>~2.0<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a CTE \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (CTE) \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 CTE \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.55 \u00d7 10-\u2076 \/ K<\/strong> \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 0-300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 (0.55 \u00d7 10-\u2076\/\u0643)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 SiO\u2082. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0629 Pyrex 7740 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 CTE \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 <strong>3.3 \u00d7 10-\u2076 \/K<\/strong>-\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a <strong>8.5-9.0 \u00d7 10-\u2076 \/K<\/strong>\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 CTE \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0640 CTE \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 200 \u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 22 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 360 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/engineering\/modulus-of-rupture\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:1\"><a href=\"#fn:1\" class=\"footnote-ref\">1<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n<h4>CTE \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>CTE (\u00d7 10 \u2076 \/ \u0643\u060c 0-300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0627\u062a\/\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (J\/g-K)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>0.55<\/td>\n<td>1.38<\/td>\n<td>0.74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>0.55<\/td>\n<td>1.38<\/td>\n<td>0.74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>3.3<\/td>\n<td>1.14<\/td>\n<td>0.83<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>8.5-9.0<\/td>\n<td>1.05<\/td>\n<td>0.84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 CTE \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h3>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0636\u0631\u0628 CTE \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 R. <strong>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a CTE\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 R \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1,000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 2 \u0645\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0637\u0645 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 80 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 160 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0646 - \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 CTE \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629: <strong>\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 - \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 - \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 10 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0637 - \u0633\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 85 \u064890 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 100 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 633 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 5.5 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 - \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a CTE<\/strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d - \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 100 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0394T = 50 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>2.75<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>2.75<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>16.5<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>42.5-45.0<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/transparent-quartz-glass-plate-near-open-industrial-high-temperature-furnace-door.webp\" alt=\"\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\" title=\"\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064a\u0646 - \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 - \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 <strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/strong> (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 <strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/strong> (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642)\u060c \u0648 <strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong> (\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0637\u0623\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 1,665 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/strong>\u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 1,140 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1,070 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>1,050-1,100 \u00b0C<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 SiO\u2082 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621: \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 Na\u2082O \u0623\u0648 CaO\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 820 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>450-500 \u00b0C<\/strong>\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0644\u0632\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628. \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>250-300 \u00b0C<\/strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 (\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1,665 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 SiO\u2082 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>~1,070<\/td>\n<td>~1,140<\/td>\n<td>~1,665<\/td>\n<td>~1,050<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>~1,075<\/td>\n<td>~1,140<\/td>\n<td>~1,665<\/td>\n<td>~1,050<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>~515<\/td>\n<td>~565<\/td>\n<td>~820<\/td>\n<td>~450<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>~470<\/td>\n<td>~514<\/td>\n<td>~730<\/td>\n<td>~250<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0632\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 900 \u06481100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f 500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u064a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629. <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 600-800 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 400-600 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a. \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 1400 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 - \u062d\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627-\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>900-1,100<\/td>\n<td>\u2265800<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 RTP<\/td>\n<td>800-1,200<\/td>\n<td>\u2265700<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td>1,200-1,600<\/td>\n<td>\u2265600<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 PVD<\/td>\n<td>300-600<\/td>\n<td>\u2265400<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>200-400<\/td>\n<td>\u2265300<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 1.4584 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f 589 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong> (\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 D)\u060c \u06481.4570 \u0639\u0646\u062f 632.8 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 HeNe)\u060c \u06481.4496 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1064 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (Nd:YAG \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a). \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 (1.4584 \u0639\u0646\u062f 589 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 <strong>1.472 \u0639\u0646\u062f 589 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>1.512 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.520 \u0639\u0646\u062f 589 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0625\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 Abbe - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 <strong>67.8<\/strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628 ~ 64 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u064858-64 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631. \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 Abbe \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chromatic_aberration\">\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:2\"><a href=\"#fn:2\" class=\"footnote-ref\">2<\/a><\/sup> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637<\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 Abbe \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0646 @ 589 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0646 @ 632.8 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0646 @ 1,064 1 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u064a (Vd)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>1.4584<\/td>\n<td>1.4570<\/td>\n<td>1.4496<\/td>\n<td>~67.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>1.4584<\/td>\n<td>1.4570<\/td>\n<td>1.4496<\/td>\n<td>~67.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>1.472<\/td>\n<td>1.470<\/td>\n<td>1.462<\/td>\n<td>~64.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>1.512-1.520<\/td>\n<td>1.510-1.518<\/td>\n<td>1.500-1.508<\/td>\n<td>~58-64<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>-\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a (\u03b1-quartz)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.009 \u0639\u0646\u062f 589 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628. \u064a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637. <strong>\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 - \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <strong>5 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 CTE \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>10-20 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/strong>\u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u0633\u0645)<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td>&lt;5 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td>&lt;2 (\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td>10-15<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<td>15-20<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/td>\n<td>0.009<\/td>\n<td>-<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/quartz-glass-plate-specimens-resting-flat-on-cleanroom-laboratory-workbench.webp\" alt=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\" title=\"\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 SiO\u2082 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HCl):<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a HCl \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 37% \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 <strong>0.01 \u0645\u0644\u063a\u0645\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 <strong>0.5 \u0645\u0644\u063a\u0645\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u062a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 RCA-1 (NH\u2084OH\/H\u2082O\u2082OH) \u0648RCA-2 (HCl\/H\u2082O\u2082O\u2082O) \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 - \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HF):<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 HF \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f (F-) \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 Si-O \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 SiO\u2082 \u0625\u0644\u0649 SiF\u2084 SiF \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648H\u2082SiF\u2086SiF \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646. <strong>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644 HF<\/strong>\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a 5% HF \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 25 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 <strong>0.5-1.0 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 SiO\u2082.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 (NaOH\u060c KOH \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a &gt; 12) \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a SiO\u2082 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 Si-O \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 SiO\u2082 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a <em>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/em> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a 13 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f: \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629, <strong>\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 HCl\/H\u2082SO\u2084\/SO\u2084\/HNO\u2083<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a)<\/th>\n<th>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong>-\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 200-300 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b. \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627 (H\u2082SO\u2084:H\u2082O\u2082O\u2082\u060c 3:1 \u0639\u0646\u062f 120 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d SiO\u2082 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645. \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 RCA\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0648 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641 - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 (Si-OH) \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 - \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>4-5 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a OH\/\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639<\/strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 PDMS\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h4>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0633\u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0627 (H\u2082SO\u2084\/H\u2082O\u2082O\u2082)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 (\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629)<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RCA-1 (NH\u2084oh\/H\u2082o\u2082o\u2082o\u2082o\u2082)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RCA-2 (HCl\/H\u2082O\u2082O\u2082)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f (HF)<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<td>\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629-\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-Outperforms-Borosilicate-in-UV-Applications.webp\" alt=\"\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\" title=\"\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629:<\/strong> \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 <strong>1,050-1,100 1,050-1,100 HV<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633 7. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0649 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 750-850 HV (\u0645\u0648\u0633 ~ 6)\u060c \u0648\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 530-600 HV (\u0645\u0648\u0633 ~ 5.5). <strong>\u062a\u064f\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1,050-1,100 HV \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631:<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0633\u0631 (K_IC) \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>0.70-0.75 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644-\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631-\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/strong>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.80-0.90 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644-\u0645\u00bd) \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f. <strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/strong>\u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0634\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 PTFE \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 <strong>72 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/strong> \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 <strong>2.20 \u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628<\/strong>. \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 2.50 \u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 70-74 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f 2.23 \u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u064863-66 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 - \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0647\u0648 <strong>\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0634 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0632 (HV)<\/td>\n<td>1,050-1,100<\/td>\n<td>1,050-1,100<\/td>\n<td>750-850<\/td>\n<td>530-600<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>~6<\/td>\n<td>~5.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 K_IC (MPa-m\u00bd)<\/td>\n<td>0.70-0.75<\/td>\n<td>0.70-0.75<\/td>\n<td>0.80-0.90<\/td>\n<td>0.75-0.82<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a (\u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\n<td>72<\/td>\n<td>73<\/td>\n<td>63-66<\/td>\n<td>70-74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u062c\u0645\/\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628)<\/td>\n<td>2.20<\/td>\n<td>2.20<\/td>\n<td>2.23<\/td>\n<td>2.50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h3>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 900 \u06481100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0650\u0651\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f (\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 O\u2082\u060c H\u2082O\u21a9O) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f - \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u064a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0632\u062c \u0641\u0648\u0642 500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0651\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (365 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0637 365 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 i-line\u060c 248 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 KrF) \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 85% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 248 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 88% \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 CTE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 (RTP)<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 50-300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1000-1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 CTE \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 0.55 \u00d7 10-\u2076 \/ K - \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 RTP \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 &gt; 900 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 ~ 1,050 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>&gt;85% T @ 248-365 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>&gt;88% T @ 248 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 RTP<\/td>\n<td>\u0394T &gt; 500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0394T &gt; 1,000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0636\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 HCl\/H\u2082SO\u2084SO\u2084<\/td>\n<td>\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/h3>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 193 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (ArF) \u0648248 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 (KrF) \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 80% \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0633)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631. <strong>\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/strong>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a 180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Raman_spectroscopy\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a<\/a><sup id=\"fnref1:3\"><a href=\"#fn:3\" class=\"footnote-ref\">3<\/a><\/sup> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0624 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a 532 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648633 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648785 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 532 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 2 \u06485 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641. \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a <strong>60-70%<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0645\u064a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0633 - \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a - \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 254 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 <strong>0.5% \u0644\u0643\u0644 10\u2078 \u062c\u0648\u0644\/\u0645\u00b2<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a (\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/th>\n<th>\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 T (%)<\/th>\n<th>\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a T (%)<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627-\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u064a (%)<\/th>\n<th>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0631 ArF Excimer<\/td>\n<td>193<\/td>\n<td>~75-80<\/td>\n<td>&lt;1<\/td>\n<td>&lt;1<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 KrF Excimer Laser<\/td>\n<td>248<\/td>\n<td>~88<\/td>\n<td>&lt;5<\/td>\n<td>&lt;1<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0622\u064a \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646<\/td>\n<td>365<\/td>\n<td>&gt;92<\/td>\n<td>~70<\/td>\n<td>&lt;30<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646 (532 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>532<\/td>\n<td>&gt;93<\/td>\n<td>&gt;90<\/td>\n<td>&gt;89<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645 (\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nd:YAG<\/td>\n<td>1,064<\/td>\n<td>&gt;93<\/td>\n<td>&gt;92<\/td>\n<td>&gt;90<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3>\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong> \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 1400 \u06481600 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 500-900 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a <strong>\u0645\u0646 12 \u0625\u0644\u0649 24 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/strong> \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d (\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 SiO\u2082)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626. \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062d\u062f \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0629 - \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 - \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u064f\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 (600-900 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f) \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 H\u2082\u060c \u0648CH\u2084\u060c \u0648CO. \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a <strong>18 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627<\/strong> \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (RIE) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062b (ICP) \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631 (CF\u2084\u060c SF\u2086) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 <strong>0.1-0.3 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 - \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<th>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c<\/td>\n<td>500-900<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646 12 \u0625\u0644\u0649 24 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u064f\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td>600-900<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636<\/td>\n<td>~\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 18 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 RIE \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627<\/td>\n<td>200-400<\/td>\n<td>\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a<\/td>\n<td>400-700<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646<\/td>\n<td>6-18 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/td>\n<td>\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/quartz-glass-plate-placed-on-black-anodized-optical-table-with-laser-equipment.webp\" alt=\"\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\" title=\"\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a 180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631:<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 150 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 (VUV). \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646 SiO\u2082\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 150-180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 ArF \u0639\u0646\u062f 193 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 F\u2082 \u0639\u0646\u062f 157 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 2.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f 2.72 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a OH \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 - \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 150-400 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 OH \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u03bb\/20 \u0639\u0646\u062f 633 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u00d7 10 \u2076 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 CVD \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 <strong>0.5-1 \u00d7 10 \u2076\/\u0633\u0645<\/strong>\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 <strong>2-5 \u00d7 10 \u00d7 10\u2076\/\u0633\u0645<\/strong> \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 200 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u06482500 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u03bb\/4-\u03bb\/10, <strong>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 30-60% \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f - \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629: <strong>\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/strong> \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 320 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 - \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 450 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 300 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 HF\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0646\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f - \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 - \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629) \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a 180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 OH \u0639\u0646\u062f 2.72 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u00d7 10 \u00d7 10 \u2076\/\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629). \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 -<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<\/h4>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<th>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 (200-320 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>\u2713<\/td>\n<td>\u2713<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 (&lt;180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2713<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 &gt; 500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2713<\/td>\n<td>\u2713<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 &gt; 1,000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2713<\/td>\n<td>\u2713<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/td>\n<td>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/td>\n<td>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 &lt;1\u00d710-\u2076\/\u0633\u0645<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u2713<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a OH &lt;1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<td>\u2713 (\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a)<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<td>\u2717<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 (\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644)<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/td>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 CTE \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 SiO\u2082 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.4584 \u0639\u0646\u062f 589 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u0648CTE (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 0.55 \u00d7 10-\u2076 \/ \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1,050 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629). \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 SiCl\u2084. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 180 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 - \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1,000 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 1,665 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 1,050 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 12 \u064824 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a (B\u2082O\u2083) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 250-320 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u226599.9% SiO\u2082\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 150 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 - \u0623\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629- C \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629- B \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629- A. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 88% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f 248 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5%.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u061f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 HCl \u0648H\u2082SO\u2084SO\u2084 \u0648HNO\u2083\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.01 \u0645\u0644\u063a\u0645\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643 (HF)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 SiO\u2082 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 Si-O. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 (NaOH\u060c KOH) \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0640 HF \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 - \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 - \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/p>\n<div class=\"footnotes\">\n<hr \/>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"fn:1\">\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a.<a href=\"#fnref1:1\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:2\">\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642.<a href=\"#fnref1:2\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"fn:3\">\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 Raman \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 Raman \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<a href=\"#fnref1:3\" rev=\"footnote\" class=\"footnote-backref\">&#8617;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":11132,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[74],"class_list":["post-11125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","tag-quartz-glass-plate"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Quartz Glass Plate vs Borosilicate, Soda-Lime and Fused Silica Compared | TOQUARTZ\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Full parameter comparison of quartz glass plate against three rival substrates. UV transmission, CTE, service temperature, and chemical resistance data for engineers.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quartz Glass Plate vs Borosilicate, Soda-Lime and Fused Silica Compared\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Full parameter comparison of quartz glass plate against three rival substrates. UV transmission, CTE, service temperature, and chemical resistance data for engineers.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TOQUARTZ: Quartz Glass Solution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-03-15T18:00:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-vs-Borosilicate-Soda-Lime-and-Fused-Silica-Compared.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"600\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3\"},\"headline\":\"Quartz Glass Plate vs Borosilicate, Soda-Lime and Fused Silica Compared\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-15T18:00:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":6691,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-vs-Borosilicate-Soda-Lime-and-Fused-Silica-Compared.webp\",\"keywords\":[\"quartz glass plate\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Blogs\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/\",\"name\":\"Quartz Glass Plate vs Borosilicate, Soda-Lime and Fused Silica Compared | TOQUARTZ\u00ae\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-vs-Borosilicate-Soda-Lime-and-Fused-Silica-Compared.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-03-15T18:00:24+00:00\",\"description\":\"Full parameter comparison of quartz glass plate against three rival substrates. UV transmission, CTE, service temperature, and chemical resistance data for engineers.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-vs-Borosilicate-Soda-Lime-and-Fused-Silica-Compared.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-vs-Borosilicate-Soda-Lime-and-Fused-Silica-Compared.webp\",\"width\":900,\"height\":600,\"caption\":\"Quartz Glass Plate vs Borosilicate, Soda-Lime and Fused Silica Compared\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Blogs\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/blogs\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Quartz Glass Plate vs Borosilicate, Soda-Lime and Fused Silica Compared\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"TOQUARTZ\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"TOQUARTZ\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/logo-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/02\\\/logo-2.png\",\"width\":583,\"height\":151,\"caption\":\"TOQUARTZ\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3\",\"name\":\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toquartz.com\\\/ar\\\/author\\\/webadmin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 | TOQUARTZ","description":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648CTE\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Quartz Glass Plate vs Borosilicate, Soda-Lime and Fused Silica Compared","og_description":"Full parameter comparison of quartz glass plate against three rival substrates. UV transmission, CTE, service temperature, and chemical resistance data for engineers.","og_url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/","og_site_name":"TOQUARTZ: Quartz Glass Solution","article_published_time":"2026-03-15T18:00:24+00:00","og_image":[{"width":900,"height":600,"url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-vs-Borosilicate-Soda-Lime-and-Fused-Silica-Compared.webp","type":"image\/webp"}],"author":"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/"},"author":{"name":"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3"},"headline":"Quartz Glass Plate vs Borosilicate, Soda-Lime and Fused Silica Compared","datePublished":"2026-03-15T18:00:24+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/"},"wordCount":6691,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-vs-Borosilicate-Soda-Lime-and-Fused-Silica-Compared.webp","keywords":["quartz glass plate"],"articleSection":["Blogs"],"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/","name":"\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 | TOQUARTZ","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-vs-Borosilicate-Soda-Lime-and-Fused-Silica-Compared.webp","datePublished":"2026-03-15T18:00:24+00:00","description":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629. \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648CTE\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-vs-Borosilicate-Soda-Lime-and-Fused-Silica-Compared.webp","contentUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Quartz-Glass-Plate-vs-Borosilicate-Soda-Lime-and-Fused-Silica-Compared.webp","width":900,"height":600,"caption":"Quartz Glass Plate vs Borosilicate, Soda-Lime and Fused Silica Compared"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/quartz-glass-plate-vs-borosilicate-soda-lime-and-fused-silica-compared\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Blogs","item":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/blogs\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Quartz Glass Plate vs Borosilicate, Soda-Lime and Fused Silica Compared"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/","name":"\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization","name":"\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-2.png","width":583,"height":151,"caption":"TOQUARTZ"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3","name":"\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0646\u062c","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/author\/webadmin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11125"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11133,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11125\/revisions\/11133"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11125"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}