{"id":10980,"date":"2026-01-02T02:00:48","date_gmt":"2026-01-01T18:00:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/"},"modified":"2025-10-21T09:41:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T01:41:31","slug":"select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f\" class=\"wp-image-10976\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg 800w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>2 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>2 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>2 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>2 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 15 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-plates\/\">\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/a> \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u00b1 0.03-0.05 \u0645\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 CVD<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 <a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemical_vapor_deposition\">\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a> (CVD). \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629:<br><code>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 = \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u00d7 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/code><br>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>&lt;10 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b1 0.1 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b1 0.5 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d (GBIR)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1-10 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b1 0.5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b1 0.1 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 7 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 7 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u00b1 0.03-0.05 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/strong> \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u00b1 0.005-0.010 \u0645\u0645\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6e351239dc4748028f37f8930d99be78.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u00b1 0.005-0.010 \u0645\u0645\u061f\" class=\"wp-image-10977\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6e351239dc4748028f37f8930d99be78.jpg 800w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6e351239dc4748028f37f8930d99be78-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6e351239dc4748028f37f8930d99be78-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/6e351239dc4748028f37f8930d99be78-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/physics-and-astronomy\/optical-interferometry\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/a> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0647\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u064a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u03bb\/4 \u0648 \u03bb\/10 \u0639\u0646\u062f 632.8 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a 39.5-158 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 FTP \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a (OPD) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a (OPD) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 OPD \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.01 \u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 15% \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 OPD. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0646 OPD \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u00b1 0.005-0.010 \u0645\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a OPD \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5% \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 (&lt;400 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b1 0.005 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a (400-700 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b1 0.008 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 (&gt; 700 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b1 0.010 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 FTP \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u00b1 0.005-0.010 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0642\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.2 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.008 \u0645\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 251 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u00b1 0.005 \u0645\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.002\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f<\/strong> \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/strong> \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 (\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 M\u00b2)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 M\u00b2. \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.006 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 M\u00b2 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.3\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 15%. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (TTV) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.010 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 (LIDT) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ISO 21254 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643<\/h3>\n\n\n<p><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laser_damage_threshold\">\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/a> (LIDT) \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0644\u0641. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 LIDT \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ISO 21254 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645 LIDT \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.007 \u0645\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 10 \u062c\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5 \u062c\u0648\u0644\/\u0633\u0645\u00b2 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a 1064 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u0629 10 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 LIDT \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0632\u0648 21254 ISO 21254<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642<\/strong> \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631-\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631-\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631-\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u00b1 0.01 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0640 \u00b1 0.05 \u0645\u0645. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b1 0.01 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b1 0.05 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 (&lt;250 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a 250 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.1 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.5 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a 250 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/chart_1761007032546433903.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a 250 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\" class=\"wp-image-10978\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/chart_1761007032546433903.webp 1024w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/chart_1761007032546433903-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/chart_1761007032546433903-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/chart_1761007032546433903-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong> \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 0.1 \u0645\u0645 \u06480.5 \u0645\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0645.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631<\/strong> \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a (\u00b1 0.02 \u0645\u0645) \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b1 0.02 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u00b1 0.02 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/d2d092bce24e420f9e5d5667cb32cd73.webp\" alt=\"\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u061f\" class=\"wp-image-10979\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/d2d092bce24e420f9e5d5667cb32cd73.webp 1200w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/d2d092bce24e420f9e5d5667cb32cd73-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/d2d092bce24e420f9e5d5667cb32cd73-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/d2d092bce24e420f9e5d5667cb32cd73-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/d2d092bce24e420f9e5d5667cb32cd73-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a: \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u00b1 0.005 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (127 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.002 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 (51 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (XRD\u060c XRF) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0629 (XRD\u060c XRF)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 XRD \u0648XRF \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 (\u00b1 0.01 \u0645\u0645)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b1 0.01 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 5-101 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631<\/strong> \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0647\u0627<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c 10-5 \u0644\u0643\u0644 MIL-PRF-13830B) \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u00b1 0.03-0.05 \u0645\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b1 0.005 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 5%.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.007 \u0645\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 50%.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u00b1 0.05 \u0645\u0645. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u00b1 0.01 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u00b1 0.15 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00b1 0.01 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u00b1 0.002 \u2033-\u00b1 0.005 \u2033)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u00b1 0.05 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u00b1 0.10 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10976,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10980","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Selecting Quartz Plate Thickness Tolerances by Application\u4e28TOQUARTZ\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Application-based selection guide: precision optics (\u00b10.002&quot;-\u00b10.005&quot;), semiconductor equipment (\u00b10.05mm), analytical instruments (\u00b10.10mm), industrial use.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What Applications Demand Precision Thickness Tolerances in Quartz Plates?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Application-based selection guide: precision optics (\u00b10.002&quot;-\u00b10.005&quot;), semiconductor equipment (\u00b10.05mm), analytical instruments (\u00b10.10mm), industrial use.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"TOQUARTZ: Quartz Glass Solution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-01-01T18:00:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"400\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3\"},\"headline\":\"What Applications Demand Precision Thickness Tolerances in Quartz Plates?\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-01T18:00:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/\"},\"wordCount\":2678,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"Blogs\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/\",\"name\":\"Selecting Quartz Plate Thickness Tolerances by Application\u4e28TOQUARTZ\u00ae\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-01-01T18:00:48+00:00\",\"description\":\"Application-based selection guide: precision optics (\u00b10.002\\\"-\u00b10.005\\\"), semiconductor equipment (\u00b10.05mm), analytical instruments (\u00b10.10mm), industrial use.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg\",\"width\":800,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"What Applications Demand Precision Thickness Tolerances in Quartz Plates?\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Blogs\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/blogs\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"What Applications Demand Precision Thickness Tolerances in Quartz Plates?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/\",\"name\":\"TOQUARTZ\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization\",\"name\":\"TOQUARTZ\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-2.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-2.png\",\"width\":583,\"height\":151,\"caption\":\"TOQUARTZ\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3\",\"name\":\"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/author\/webadmin\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u4e28 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632","description":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u00b1 0.002 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 - \u00b1 0.005 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u00b1 0.05 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u00b1 0.10 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"What Applications Demand Precision Thickness Tolerances in Quartz Plates?","og_description":"Application-based selection guide: precision optics (\u00b10.002\"-\u00b10.005\"), semiconductor equipment (\u00b10.05mm), analytical instruments (\u00b10.10mm), industrial use.","og_url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/","og_site_name":"TOQUARTZ: Quartz Glass Solution","article_published_time":"2026-01-01T18:00:48+00:00","og_image":[{"width":800,"height":400,"url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"13 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/"},"author":{"name":"ECHO\u00a0YANG\u200b","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3"},"headline":"What Applications Demand Precision Thickness Tolerances in Quartz Plates?","datePublished":"2026-01-01T18:00:48+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/"},"wordCount":2678,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg","articleSection":["Blogs"],"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/","name":"\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u4e28 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg","datePublished":"2026-01-01T18:00:48+00:00","description":"\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 (\u00b1 0.002 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 - \u00b1 0.005 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629)\u060c \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u00b1 0.05 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u00b1 0.10 \u0645\u0645)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9c9b53e1b8964c999c1e220e9938497a.jpg","width":800,"height":400,"caption":"What Applications Demand Precision Thickness Tolerances in Quartz Plates?"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/select-quartz-thickness-tolerance-by-application\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Blogs","item":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/blogs\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"What Applications Demand Precision Thickness Tolerances in Quartz Plates?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/","name":"\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#organization","name":"\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-2.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/logo-2.png","width":583,"height":151,"caption":"TOQUARTZ"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/#\/schema\/person\/64de60160e69ad73646f68c4a56a90d3","name":"\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u064a\u0627\u0646\u062c","url":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/author\/webadmin\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10980","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10980"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10980\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10983,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10980\/revisions\/10983"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10980"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10980"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10980"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u062f\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0628\u064a","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}