{"id":10952,"date":"2025-12-28T02:00:51","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T18:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/?p=10952"},"modified":"2025-10-20T16:43:51","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T08:43:51","slug":"quartz-plate-surface-quality-application-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-plate-surface-quality-application-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e534f9105c4a4f02932fe0e1ce4fdf6c.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u061f\" class=\"wp-image-10948\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e534f9105c4a4f02932fe0e1ce4fdf6c.jpg 800w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e534f9105c4a4f02932fe0e1ce4fdf6c-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e534f9105c4a4f02932fe0e1ce4fdf6c-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/e534f9105c4a4f02932fe0e1ce4fdf6c-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d 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rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 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https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/d0492deda9be42148bba613945a3ca6d-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/d0492deda9be42148bba613945a3ca6d-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/d0492deda9be42148bba613945a3ca6d-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 <a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-plates\/\">\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 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\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9975175\/\">\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a (SSL) \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/a> (\u03b1SSL\u221dhrms\u00b2).<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 250 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645 Ra \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 Ra &lt;10 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 Ra \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/strong> \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627<\/strong> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a ISO 4287 \u0648ISO 25178 ISO 25178<\/h3>\n\n\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/ISO_25178\">\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ISO 4287 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ISO 25178 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/a> \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ISO 4287 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/guide.digitalsurf.com\/en\/guide-iso-4287-parameters.html\">Ra (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641) \u0648 Rz (\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639) \u0648 Rv (\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062f\u064a)<\/a>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ISO 25178 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0622\u064a\u0632\u0648 4287<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>2\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0631\u0632\u060c \u0631 \u0641<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>ISO 25178<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0632\u060c \u0633\u0641<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628. \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-021-94376-1\">\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639<\/a> \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0632\u064a\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 PT \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a QC13 \u0648 QC14 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (\u0623\u064a IPS) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>&lt;20 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>&lt;0.3 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>&lt;2%<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 MIL-PRF-13830B<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a MIL-PRF-13830B \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 MIL-PRF-13830B:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 40-20 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0636 0.4 \u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0640 0.2 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649. \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 (\u0645\u0645)<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649. \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 (\u0645\u0645)<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>40<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>0.04<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>20<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>0.2<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>60<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>0.06<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>40<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>0.4<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631. \u064a\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a QC13 \u0648QC14 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 (350 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 (\u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644) \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 (\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0646). \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a) \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0628:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/chart_1760942903241735092.webp\" alt=\"\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062e\u0637\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\" class=\"wp-image-10950\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/chart_1760942903241735092.webp 1024w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/chart_1760942903241735092-300x225.webp 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/chart_1760942903241735092-768x576.webp 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/chart_1760942903241735092-16x12.webp 16w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 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\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 (\u03bb\/10) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u03bb\/10<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u03bb\/10 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u0648<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u062f\u064a.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a USP  \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 USP  \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0640 \u00b12%\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u03bb\/10 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\/\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/575c3bf0abbc4574939f7a0bea5077b2.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u061f\" class=\"wp-image-10951\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/575c3bf0abbc4574939f7a0bea5077b2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/575c3bf0abbc4574939f7a0bea5077b2-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/575c3bf0abbc4574939f7a0bea5077b2-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/575c3bf0abbc4574939f7a0bea5077b2-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 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\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ISO 14644-1 ISO 14644-1 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 ISO 14644-1 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ISO 14644-1 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 5 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631. \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 5<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a (\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 - \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 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\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644. \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u226599.98% SiO\u2082 \u0633\u064a \u0623\u0648\u2082 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u22650.02 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 100 \u0645\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 501 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 0 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 0: \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 1: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 2: \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 ISO 4287 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648MIL-PRF-13830B \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648MIL-PRF-13830B \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634\u060c \u0648ISO 10110-5 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642. 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\u0630\u0644\u0643<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 ISO\/MIL\/ASTM<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a Ra &lt;10 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>Ra &lt;10 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0629 &lt;250 \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ISO 4287<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 40-20\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634 40-20 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0648\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.4 \u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 0.2 \u0645\u0645. \u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0634<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>40-20<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>0.4 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>0.2 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u03bb\/10 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.11 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a 3 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 USP .<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u03bb\/10 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f ISO 14644-1 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 5 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u0648 \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646 1 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (&gt; 0.5 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628)<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 5<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>3,520<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a: \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Ra <10nm) matters vs industrial grade (Ra 50-100nm). Surface quality selection for spectroscopy, chemical resistance, and thermal use.\n<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10948,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10952","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v25.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Matching Surface Quality to Laboratory Quartz Applications\u4e28TOQUARTZ\u00ae<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When optical precision (Ra &lt;10nm) matters vs industrial grade (Ra 50-100nm). 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