{"id":10797,"date":"2025-12-01T02:00:39","date_gmt":"2025-11-30T18:00:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/?p=10797"},"modified":"2025-10-16T15:21:22","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T07:21:22","slug":"what-causes-quartz-tube-deformation-high-temperature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/what-causes-quartz-tube-deformation-high-temperature\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3414005ce6484a94b7ff7c243241e887.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f\" class=\"wp-image-10794\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3414005ce6484a94b7ff7c243241e887.jpg 800w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3414005ce6484a94b7ff7c243241e887-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3414005ce6484a94b7ff7c243241e887-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/3414005ce6484a94b7ff7c243241e887-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>\u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 1650 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 1630 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1670 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 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https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/f8e4b4d7d3164eb3864a6366919d75d1-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 0.01 \u0645\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u00b1 0.1 \u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0646 0.2 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0646\u0635\u064a\u062d\u0629:<\/strong> \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<br><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644: \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong><\/p><div fullwidth=\"\" class=\"qc-default-table-wrapper\"><table style=\"min-width: 50px;\"><colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b1 0.1 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.2 \u0645\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629: 10^10 \u0643\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0636\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10^10 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM \u0648ISO \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10^10 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 10^10 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629: \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 0.08 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1250 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1.2 \u0645\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 ASTM C1525 \u0648ISO 7884 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 (\u0645\u0645\/1,000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\/ 1,000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1200<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1.0 \u00d7 10^10<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>0.08<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1220<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>3.2 \u00d7 10^9<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>0.25<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1250<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>8.5 \u00d7 10^8<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1.2<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629. \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646: \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0632\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11943636\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/a> \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0022509620301769\">\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u064a<\/a> \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644.<br><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u062a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/strong><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 Si-O \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (Si-O) \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 Si-O\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 4.7 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u062a. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 Si-O \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10^-6 \u064810^-8 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 Si-O<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u062d\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u064f\u0651\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629) = A + B\/T\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b A \u0648B \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648T \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 (B) \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 72,000 \u0643\u0644\u0641\u0646. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646 10^14.5 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1120 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10^10 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10^7.6 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1270 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 2.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3.2\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629.<br><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S002230932030692X\"><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><\/a><strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 (Tm)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 (Tc)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0628\u064a\u0646 Tm \u0648 Tc<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0647\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629: \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645. \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u03c3 = (3FL\u00b2)\/(2\u03c0Dt\u00b2) \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b F \u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648L \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648D \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648 t \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 50 \u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631 1000 \u0645\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 3 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 150 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644. \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2 \u0645\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 4 \u0645\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0639\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 2 \u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1220 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 4 \u0645\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.19 \u0645\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 L\/OD<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u2264 50<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627\u064b<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646: \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 50 \u0645\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647 3 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 0.12 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0644 1000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 0.02 \u0645\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0646\u0627\u0621.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 Si-OH \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 Si-O-Si \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 Si-O-Si \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 Si-O-Si \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641. \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 Si-O \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 Si-OH \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 Si-O-Si. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064f\u0646\u0647\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 Si-OH \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 Si-O-Si.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 OH \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 30 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH \u0625\u0644\u0649 150-200 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644. \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH (\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>&lt;30<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0641\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0646<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>150-200<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 OH: \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a OH \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 1500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627: \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a OH.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a OH<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a OH \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/59fdc95cf7cb49749a8f345956303089.jpg\" alt=\"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644\u061f\" class=\"wp-image-10796\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/59fdc95cf7cb49749a8f345956303089.jpg 800w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/59fdc95cf7cb49749a8f345956303089-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/59fdc95cf7cb49749a8f345956303089-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/59fdc95cf7cb49749a8f345956303089-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 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\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 Si-O-Si<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 Si-O-Si \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647. \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/srep20155\">\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644\/\u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0639\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632) \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627). \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628. \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>\u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 Si-O-Si \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647\u0627.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/types\/\">\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/a> \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0641\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11043921\/\">\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/a> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0628\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 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\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645: \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1100\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1200\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1000\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><br>\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629. \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9286563\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644<\/a> \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1100\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1200\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1000\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0641\u0648\u0642 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0642 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 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\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u0642 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u0648\u0642 1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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