{"id":10793,"date":"2025-11-30T02:00:20","date_gmt":"2025-11-29T18:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/?p=10793"},"modified":"2025-10-16T15:19:52","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T07:19:52","slug":"what-is-the-melting-point-of-a-quartz-tube","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/what-is-the-melting-point-of-a-quartz-tube\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1660-1730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/5ed5d21c7c294e93a78a22ac7bda85bf.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 1660-1730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\" class=\"wp-image-10790\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/5ed5d21c7c294e93a78a22ac7bda85bf.jpg 800w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/5ed5d21c7c294e93a78a22ac7bda85bf-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/5ed5d21c7c294e93a78a22ac7bda85bf-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/5ed5d21c7c294e93a78a22ac7bda85bf-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 1660-1730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 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\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1713 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1100-1450 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 10 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f 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class=\"wp-image-10791\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9cd288fa9028478f8718bf9ee7d5b689.jpg 800w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9cd288fa9028478f8718bf9ee7d5b689-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9cd288fa9028478f8718bf9ee7d5b689-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/9cd288fa9028478f8718bf9ee7d5b689-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 <a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wholesale-fused-quartz-glass-tubes\/\">\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/a> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 1660-1730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646. \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 1660-1730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 10\u00b3 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 (\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0644) \u0625\u0644\u0649 10\u00b2 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 (\u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621). \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p>\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631: \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648DTA\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a <a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/topics\/agricultural-and-biological-sciences\/viscometry\">\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/a>, <a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Differential_thermal_analysis\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a<\/a> (DTA)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10\u00b3\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 DTA \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>DTA<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a (1713 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 (1660-1730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629): \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1713 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 1660-1730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 (\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1713\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 (\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a)<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1660-1730\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629: 10\u00b2 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 10\u00b3 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 10\u00b3 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 10\u2074 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646\"<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0640 \"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\". \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 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\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1580 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10\u2074 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06481670 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10\u00b3 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u06481730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10\u00b2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a 150 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>10\u2074 \u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c 1580 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>10\u00b3 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646:<\/strong> \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c 1670 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>10\u00b2 \u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646 10\u00b2:<\/strong> \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c 1730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 1713 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\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a (DTA) \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 1670 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 1680 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u06481740 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 1718 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629:<\/strong> \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c 1670 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>DTA:<\/strong> \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c 1680-1740 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u060c 1718 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2489562ce8ce4f9c8eb6fccfc83259a4.jpg\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u061f\" class=\"wp-image-10792\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2489562ce8ce4f9c8eb6fccfc83259a4.jpg 800w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2489562ce8ce4f9c8eb6fccfc83259a4-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2489562ce8ce4f9c8eb6fccfc83259a4-768x384.jpg 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/2489562ce8ce4f9c8eb6fccfc83259a4-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a): \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 1670-1690 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 99.98% SiO\u2082<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 99.98%. \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1670 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u06481690 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639. \u0625\u0646 <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/finkenbeiner.com\/gedata.html\">\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 I<\/a> \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u06481670 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646: 1670-1690\u00b0C.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628): \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 1650-1670 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 150-200 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 (OH). \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0646 150 \u0625\u0644\u0649 200 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1650 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u06481670 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a OH \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a OH \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH (\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>150-200<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1650-1670<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\/\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 (\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a): \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 1690-1720 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u226599.995% SiO\u2082<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 99.995% \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 1690 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1720 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 (\u226599.99.995% SiO\u2082)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 1690-1720\u00b0C<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 III\/IV \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 40-70 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 50 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a OH \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 8-12 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636. \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0647<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>+50 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>-8 \u0625\u0644\u0649 -12 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>+10 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>-4 \u0625\u0644\u0649 -7 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u0625\u0646 <a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fused_quartz#List_of_physical_properties\">\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/a> \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 (10^7.6 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 10^7.6) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 (10^7.6 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 10^10\u00b3)<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 10^7.6 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646 10^7.6\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 10^7.6 \u064810^3 \u0628\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u062c\u0623\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 1500 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1670 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 10^7.6\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0646 10\u00b2-10\u00b3\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 390-460 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1270<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1660-1710<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>390-440<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 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\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 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\u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 1650 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646:<\/strong> \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631:<\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM C965 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 ASTM C965: \u00b1 8-15 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 ASTM C965 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10\u00b3 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u00b18 \u064815 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 ASTM C965 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629: \u00b1 8-15 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 ASTM C965 \u0643\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641: \u00b1 25-40 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 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rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b125-40\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 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\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0647\u0630\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 (OH\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628)<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a: \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u00b1 18-52 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u00b1 18 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0641\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b118\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b137\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u00b152\u00b0C<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 1660 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 (\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629)<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1100<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1730<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1150<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>1730<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0647\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1660 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u06481730 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1270 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 (OH)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0644 50 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a OH \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 8-12 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 ASTM C965 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062f\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 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