{"id":10607,"date":"2025-10-29T02:00:59","date_gmt":"2025-10-28T18:00:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/?p=10607"},"modified":"2025-10-13T16:36:21","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T08:36:21","slug":"quartz-tube-thermal-cycling-temperature-shock-resistance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-tube-thermal-cycling-temperature-shock-resistance\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/7ac8ec0dcba74c7ab11c3bdaca63145a.webp\" alt=\"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u061f\" class=\"wp-image-10604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/7ac8ec0dcba74c7ab11c3bdaca63145a.webp 800w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/7ac8ec0dcba74c7ab11c3bdaca63145a-300x150.webp 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/7ac8ec0dcba74c7ab11c3bdaca63145a-768x384.webp 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/7ac8ec0dcba74c7ab11c3bdaca63145a-18x9.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/f97c9e9d6a0c43eeb34eaea57a0d6d07.png\" alt=\"\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u061f\" class=\"wp-image-10605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/f97c9e9d6a0c43eeb34eaea57a0d6d07.png 800w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/f97c9e9d6a0c43eeb34eaea57a0d6d07-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/f97c9e9d6a0c43eeb34eaea57a0d6d07-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/f97c9e9d6a0c43eeb34eaea57a0d6d07-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p><a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fused_quartz#Properties_of_fused_quartz\">\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a (\u00d710-\u2076\/\u0643)<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>0.5<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>3.3<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 (304)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>17.3<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">ASTM C1525 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 R-Parameter<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ASTM C1525 \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 R-parameter \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 R-\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 R-\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 R \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 1500-2000 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 200-400 \u0648\u0627\u0637\/\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637. \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0641 R-\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 ASTM C1525 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/strong><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 <a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Borosilicate_glass\">\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062c\u064a\u062f<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0644<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 OH \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631 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\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 60% \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0631 ASTM E1876.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 1150-1200 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 8000 \u064812000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 24000 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642. \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a <a target=\"_self\" href=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/wholesale-fused-quartz-glass-tubes\/\">\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/a> \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 50-100 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 50 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 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\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 50 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0642\u0648\u0642<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 OH \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 OH:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 OH<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0628<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0623\u0642\u0644<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0635\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062e\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0394T_max = \u03c3_tensile \u00d7 (1-\u03bd) \/ (\u03b1 \u00d7 E)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 100-120 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50%. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0394T \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 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colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"675\" src=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4b898d75f95244e9997caf602595a0f3.webp\" alt=\"\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f\" class=\"wp-image-10606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4b898d75f95244e9997caf602595a0f3.webp 1200w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4b898d75f95244e9997caf602595a0f3-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4b898d75f95244e9997caf602595a0f3-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4b898d75f95244e9997caf602595a0f3-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/toquartz.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/4b898d75f95244e9997caf602595a0f3-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629: <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/pexels.com\">\u0628\u064a\u0643\u0633\u0644\u0632<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/toquartz.com\/ar\/quartz-tubes-chemical-processing-guide\/\">\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/a> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631. \u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 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\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 30 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 750 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 450 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629.<br>\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0626\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1100 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 4.5\/R\u00b2 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b R \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 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\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 30 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 750 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 450 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f 60 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\/\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0629.<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a 450 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 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class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f.<br>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u00b1 0.3 \u0645\u0645\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0641\u064a 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\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>&gt;\u00b1 0.3 \u0645\u0645<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0631 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\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u063a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/li><li><p><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c<\/strong><\/p><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a FBG (FBG) \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 (FBG) \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a FBG<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062e\u0646\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647:<\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><p>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/li><li><p>\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629.<\/p><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\n<table class=\"has-fixed-layout\">\n<colgroup><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><col style=\"min-width: 25px;\"><\/colgroup><tbody><tr><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/th><th colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627<\/p><\/th><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0629<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0621<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/p><\/td><td colspan=\"1\" rowspan=\"1\"><p>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0631\u0643\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0645\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0642\u0642. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061f<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628. \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0637\u0644. \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0632. \u0627\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a ASTM C1525 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 2\u00d7.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10604,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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